Image Transformation Properties

Basic image resizing
Width - (w)
Used to specify the width of the output image. Accepts integer value greater than 1. If a value between 0 and 1 is specified, it acts as a percentage width. Therefore, 0.1 means 10% of the original width, 0.4 means 40% of the original width, and so on.
Original
200px wide
40% of the original image
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 Transformation - w-200
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 Transformation - w-0.4
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Height - (h)
Used to specify the height of the output image. Accepts integer value greater than 1. If a value between 0 and 1 is specified, the value acts as a percentage height. Therefore, 0.1 means 10% of the original height, 0.4 means 40% of the original height, and so on.
Original
200px height
40% height of the original image 
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Transformation - h-200
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Transformation - h-0.4
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Aspect ratio - (ar)
Used to specify the aspect ratio of the output image or the ratio of width to height of the output image. This parameter must be used along with either the height(h) or width(w) parameter. The format for specifying this transformation is ar-<width>-<height>
If you specify both height(h) and width(w) along with aspect ratio(ar), then the aspect ratio is ignored.
Original
width 400px and aspect ratio 4:3 
Transformation - w-400 ar-4-3
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Crop, Crop Modes and Focus
If only, one of the height(h) or width(w) dimension is specified, this automatically adjusts the other dimension accordingly to preserve aspect ratio and no cropping takes place.
But when you specify both height(h) and width(w) dimension, you need to choose the right cropping strategy based on your website layout and desired output image.
Tip for choosing the right cropping strategy 😎 When choosing among different strategies for cropping, think in terms of your website layout and desired output image.
If you want to preserve the whole image content (no cropping) and need the exact same dimensions (height and width) in the output image as requested, choose either of the pad resize crop or forced crop strategy.
If you want to preserve the whole image content (no cropping), but it is okay if one or both the dimensions (height or width) in the output image are adjusted to preserve the aspect ratio. Then choose either of the max-size cropping or min-size cropping strategy.
If you need the exact same dimensions (height and width) in the output image as requested but it’s okay to crop the image to preserve aspect ratio (or extract a region from the original image). Then choose either of the maintain ratio crop or extract crop. You can combine the extract crop strategy with different focus values to get the desired result.
Pad resize crop strategy - (cm-pad_resize)
In the pad resize crop strategy, the output image's dimension (height and width) is the same as requested, no cropping takes place, and the aspect ratio is preserved. This is accomplished by adding padding around the output image to get it to match the exact dimension as requested.
Original
width 400px and aspect ratio 4:3
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Transformation - w-300 h-200 cm-pad_resize bg-F3F3F3
The output image is exactly 300x200. However, to maintain the aspect ratio and prevent cropping a solid colored padding is added around the resized image.
For sake of clarity, we have made the padding background slightly grey in color (#F3F3F3) by adding the background parameter (bg).
Example - All padding on one side
In the examples above, we saw that when the image is padded using the pad resize crop strategy, the padding is equal on both sides of the image. However, there might be cases where we want all the padding to be added on only one side of the image. This can be done using the focus (fo) parameter.
Padding to the right
Padding to the bottom
Transformation - w-300 h-200 cm-pad_resize bg-F3F3F3 fo-left
We added the fo-left transformation to our image. Now, all the padding is on the right of the image, while the image itself is on the left (determined by the value of focus(fo) parameter).
Transformation - w-300 h-200 cm-pad_resize bg-F3F3F3 fo-top
We added the fo-top transformation to our image. Now, all the padding is on the bottom of the image, while the image itself is on the top (determined by the value of focus(fo) parameter).
Forced crop strategy - (c-force)
In a forced crop strategy, the output image's dimension (height and width) is exactly the same as requested, no cropping takes place, but the aspect ratio is not preserved. It forcefully squeezes the original image to get it to fit completely within the output dimensions.
Original
c-force
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Transformation - w-300 h-200 c-force
The entire original image is preserved in the output image as well, but the hand and the plant have been squeezed to fit into the output image.
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Max-size cropping strategy - (c-at_max)
In the max-size crop strategy, whole image content is preserved (no cropping), the aspect ratio is preserved, but one of the dimensions (height or width) is adjusted.
The output image is less than or equal to the dimensions specified, i.e., at least one dimension will exactly match the output dimension requested, and the other dimension will be equal to or smaller than the corresponding output dimension requested.
Original
c-at_max
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 Transformation - w-300 h-200 c-at_max
The entire image content and the aspect ratio is preserved. The output image dimensions are 148x200. So the height is exactly what is requested, but the width is smaller than what was requested.
This mode is particularly useful if you have a container and you want to ensure that the image will never be larger than that container.
Min-size cropping strategy - (c-at_least)
This strategy is similar to the max-size cropping strategy, with the only difference being that unlike the max-size strategy, the image is equal to or larger than the requested dimensions. One of the dimensions will be exactly the same as what is requested, while the other dimension will be equal to or larger than what is requested.
Original
c-at_least
Original 640x865
Transformation - w-300 h-200 c-at_least
The entire image content and aspect ratio is preserved. The output image dimensions are 300x405. So the width is exactly the same as what was requested, but the height is larger than what was requested.
This is useful for cases where you want to have an image that is always at least as large as the container.
Maintain ratio crop strategy - (c-maintain_ratio)
This is the default crop strategy. If nothing is specified, this strategy gets applied automatically. In this strategy, the output image's dimension (height and width) is the same as requested, and the aspect ratio is preserved. This is accomplished resizing the image to the requested dimension and in the process cropping parts from the original image.
By default we extract the image from the center but you can change this using focus attribute.
Original
c-maintain_ratio (center crop)
 c-maintain_ratio with fo-custom 
Transformation - w-300 h-200 c-maintain_ratio
In the above image, the top and the bottom of the image got cropped out. But the aspect ratio has been preserved from the original to the output image i.e. the hand and the plant are not skewed or forcefully resized to fit the output dimensions.
Using c-maintain_ratio with fo-custom - w-500 h-100 fo-custom
Extract crop strategy - (cm-extract)
In this strategy, the output image's dimension (height and width) is exactly the same as requested, and the aspect ratio is preserved. In this strategy, instead of trying to resize the image as we did in maintain ratio strategy, we extract out a region of the requested dimension from the original image.
By default we extract the image from the center but you can change this using focus attribute.
Examples - Center and relative focus
Original
cm-extract (default center extract)
Relative focus 
Original 640x865
Transformation - w-200 h-200 cm-extract
The size of the hand and the plant has not changed at all from the original image, which means that no resizing has taken place. Instead, we have been able to extract out a 200x200 area from the original image. This is the regular center extract.
In the relative method, you can use the focus (fo) attribute to specify that the extract should be done from, let’s say, the bottom-right of the original image.
Valid relative values for fo parameters are - center, top, left, bottom, right, top_left, top_right, bottom_left and bottom_right.
Example transformation - w-300 h-300 cm-extract fo-bottom_right
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This is the extract done with focus on bottom right of the original image. 
​Examples - Focus using cropped image coordinates​
​Example - Focus using custom coordinates​
Focus - (fo)
This parameter can be used along with pad resize, maintain ratio or extract crop to change the behaviour of padding or cropping. Learn more from the different examples shown in respective sections.
This parameter can have following values depending upon where it is being used:
1.left, right, top, bottom can be to control the position of padding when used with pad resize.
2.fo-custom can be used to define a specific focus area when used with maintain ratio and extract crop.
3.center, top, left, bottom, right, top_left, top_right, bottom_left and bottom_right can be used to define relative cropping during extract crop.
Auto smart cropping - (fo-auto)
In this mode, We automatically determines the most important part of the image and preserves it in the output thumbnail. This is enabled by passing fo-auto in the transformation attribute.
Face cropping - (fo-face)
In face crop, the crop works more like the extract crop strategy, but instead of focusing on the center of the image, it finds out the face (or multiple faces) in the image and focuses around that. This gives you perfect thumbnails with just the subject's face that make up for good profile pictures.
This mode is enabled using 'fo-face' in the transformation attribute.
Note: Smart crop may not give accurate results for some images. This is partially a trade off between speed (needed for real-time transformations) and accuracy.
Commonly used transformations
Quality - (q)
Used to specify the quality of the output image for lossy formats like JPEG, WebP and AVIF. A large quality number indicates a larger output image size with high quality. A small quality number indicates a smaller output image size with lower quality.
Default Value - 80 (can be managed from image settings in dashboard)
Format - (f)
Used to specify the format of the output image. If no output image format is specified then based on your image settings in the dashboard, We automatically picks the best format for that image request.
Possible values include auto ,jpg , jpeg , webp, avif and png
Default Value - auto (from dashboard settings)
Blur - (bl)
Used to specify the gaussian blur that must be applied to an image. The value of bl specifies the radius of the Gaussian Blur that is to be applied. Higher the value, larger the radius of Gaussian Blur. Possible values include integers between 1 and 100 .
Grayscale - (e-grayscale)
Used to turn an image to a grayscale version.​
Progressive image - (pr)
Used to specify whether the output JPEG image must be rendered progressively. In progressive loading, the output image renders as a low quality pixelated full image which over time keeps on adding more pixels and information to the image. This helps you maintain a fast perceived load time. Possible values include true and false. ​
Lossless WebP and PNG - (lo)
Used to specify whether the output image (if in JPEG or PNG) must be compressed losslessly. In lossless compression, the output file size is larger than the regular lossy compression. However, the perceived image quality can be higher in certain cases, especially for computer-generated graphics. Using lossless compression for photographs is not recommended. Possible Values- true and false ​
Trim edges - (t)
Useful with images that have a solid or nearly solid background with the object in the center. This parameter trims the background from the image, leaving only the central object in the output image.
Usage - t-true|Number Possible Values include true and integer values between 1 and 99 that specify the threshold level for considering a particular pixel as "background".
Border - (b)
This adds a border to the image. It accepts two parameters - the width of the border and the color of the border.
Usage - b-<border-width>-<hex code>
The width is specified as a number which is equivalent to the border width in pixels. The color code is specified as a 6-character hex code RRGGBB.
Color profile - (cp)
It is used to specify whether the output image should contain the color profile that is initially available with the original image. It is recommended to remove the color profile before serving the images on web and apps. However, if you feel that the output image looks faded or washed out, and want to preserve the colors of your original image, you should set this parameter to true.
Default Value- false
Possible Values- true and false
Image metadata - (md)
It is used to specify whether the output image should contain all the metadata that is initially available with the original image. Image metadata is not relevant for rendering on the web and apps. It is, thus, recommended to not use it while delivering images. The only situation to enable the metadata option is when you want additional data like camera information, lens information, and other image profiles attached to your original image.
Default Value- false
Possible Values- true and false
Rotate - (rt)
It is used to specify the degree by which the output image must be rotated or specifies the use of EXIF Orientation Tag for the rotation of image using the auto parameter.
Possible Values- 0 , 90 , 180 , 270 , 360 , and auto
Use auto if you want to automatically rotate image based on EXIF orientation tag in image metadata.
Radius - (r)
It is used to specify the radius that must be used to obtain a rounded output image. To obtain a perfectly rounded image, set the value to max . This parameter is applied after resizing the original image, if defined.
Possible Values - Positive Integer and max
For simpler cases, you can use radius in the same transformation as the height and width parameters. However, if you are using advanced cropping parameters, like crop (c) and crop mode (cm), then you should chain the radius transformation in a step after the resizing transformation.
Background color - (bg)
It is used to specify the background color in RGB Hex Code (e.g. FF0000) or an RGBA Code (e.g. FFAABB50) that must be used for the image. If you specify an 8 character background, the last two characters must be a number between 00 and 99 , which is used to indicate the opacity level of the background.
00 represents an opacity level of 0.00, 01 represents opacity level 0.01, and so on. Default Value - Black 00000
Possible Values - Valid RGB Hex Code
Original image - (orig)
By default, any image always gets optimized in some way or the other. While this automatic optimization is great for web and apps, there might be certain cases where you want to get the original image as is. You can do so by using the parameter orig and set the value to true . If there are any other transformation parameters specified along with orig-true , then those get ignored.